Berwick Castle

Berwick Castle stands on high ground above the River Tweed, guarding the crossing that made this town one of the most fought-over places in Britain. Founded in the 12th century by the Scottish king David I, it was strengthened many times as Berwick swapped between English and Scottish rule. It was here in 1292 that Edward I of England presided over the 'Great Cause', choosing John Balliol as king of Scotland.

Much of the castle was demolished in the 19th century when the North Eastern Railway drove its line through the site, and Berwick railway station now stands where the great hall once was. A plaque on the platform records that the throne room lay beneath. What survives is still worth seeing: substantial sections of curtain wall, the Constable Tower, and the dramatic White Wall staircase running down to the river.

The best approach is on foot from the town, following the riverside path or descending the White Wall itself. The ruins are managed by English Heritage, are free to visit at any reasonable time, and offer excellent views up and down the Tweed towards the Royal Border Bridge.